Cultural Identity The Way Things Are - 1332 Words

The way things are, for me, I do not know what that could be. Could it be the fact that I am African American and Japanese? Could maps help to represent my cultural identity because they help me to visualize where I want to go, where my family is, and places we ve been? Music, family and friends, robotics, and travel also describe my cultural identity. What are The way things are for me? What is my cultural identity; are the questions I have to answer. While I contiuned to ponder these questions around my cultural Identity and The way things are I immediately though of family. I have family in a great deal of states and countries. My mother is Japanese, African American and from Middletown, Ohio. My grandma and my uncle still live there. My grandma is African American. On my mother s side, my grandma lived in Japan, so I have family there. My grandpa and my grandma met in Japan while my grandpa served in the Korean War. My father is African American and Native American. My father is from Richmond, VA and almost all of his family lives there. Our family friends that my family visit the most, live in Albany, New York. Maps are another big part of my cultural identity; my collection exists in my room. These maps represent where I have been and where I want to go. My favorite of these Maps is bright red, in the middle of the front in large white font it says Ohio. Right above that the Ohio flag sits, above that a black strip that says universal map in bright orange,Show MoreRelatedPersonal and Cultural Identity in Things Fall Apart and â€Å"I Lost My Talk†1605 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 17 Personal and Cultural Identity in Things Fall Apart and â€Å"I Lost My Talk† Identity can be explained as the state or fact of being a specific person or thing. [definition is good, but needs to be more specific] A specific person or thing can be defined by his/her personality, interests, family, community or culture. [connect your definition to the novel and poem—that’s why previous sentence was inserted] In both Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and in Rita Joe’s â€Å"I LostRead MoreThe Current Challenges of Cultural Identity Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesCultural identity refers to the feeling belonging to a certain culture that is attributed to the upbringing of an individual in the given culture. Cultural identity gives a person the sense of belonging and belonging towards their culture. Modern cultural studies show that cultural identification has taken a new face. Various cultural identifiers can be used to identify the culture of an individual. These identifiers include nationality, language, location, gender, rel igious beliefs, history, andRead MoreMy Cultural Identity Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Identity Essay Krishal Sharma | Period: 2 | 9/15/17#1 Everyone has their own, one of a kind cultural identity and culture. Your culture could be anything like an interest in technology or what hobbies you like even food. My cultural identity would not exist if it wasn t for what I value the most and what I love the most. In the world, nowadays people like a lot of things such as music. But what I like is completely different, There is one that influences my cultural identity andRead MoreLanguage And Cultural Identity Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesMaintaining cultural identity Over the last few decades, the relationship between language and cultural identities have become a preferred topic in learning the importance of language in maintaining cultural identity. The question that keeps popping up concerns, the role of language in keeping these social aspects. For instance, how language is important in maintaining cultural identity when people migrate from one nation to another. Perhaps, when people immigrate to a new country their cultural identityRead More Canada Lacks A Real National Identity Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesA Real National Identity nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I believe that Canada lacks a real national identity. Canadians tend to identify with community and region rather than the nation. Because Canada has such a great cultural diversity the Canadian identity is shaped by our values and attitudes as they have emerged from our history and geography. Bilingualism and multiculturalism are very important to the Canadian identity. They both strengthen and challenge Canadian identity. Because Canada hasRead MoreWhat I Think About My Cultural Identity1561 Words   |  7 PagesWhen someone asks me what is my cultural identity, there are a lot of things that come to my mind. For example, one of the first things that come to my mind is the how people see me which is by being hispanic. 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In the 21st century there are many factors that can influence someone s cultural preference and the way they speak, such as media, peer pressureRead MoreEssay On Cultural Identity1114 Words   |  5 PagesCulture identity development is an important part of every life due the emergence of self through primary and sociocultural contexts (Ecklund, 2016). These stages of development are made up of either a dominant or a non-dominant group and intersectional adaptation. More specifically, cultural identity is a self-construct where individuals share the same culture, which causes them to attribute themselves to that group (Ecklund, 2016). Being a part of the dominant culture in the United States has openedRead MoreIntercultural Cultural Competence And Identity1335 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural Cultural Competence 1. Personal identity narrative This paper is an exploration of what you yourself bring to the communication. Since the understanding of oneself is an essential part of understanding others, which altogether facilitate communication. a) Use the concepts about identity, values, norms, beliefs, cultural practices, cultural patterns and competence †¦ to reflect on your cultural experience. b) Be selective, choose some of the most influential elements only. c) DiscussRead MoreResponse to A Pacific Reader: Literature, Culture and Text1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe project of reclaiming an identity following colonization is made all the more difficult due to the fact that an integral part of colonization is the (frequently intentional) demolition of indigenous culture, history, and identity, to the point that some indigenous people find it impossible to re-establish or re-frame their identity in terms other than those of the colonizer. This is particularly true in places like the Pacific, where the effects of colonization continue to reverberate, whether

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 Essay

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 By: A Case Assignment Module 1 [Course:] HIS101 TUI University Ms. Date: 11/11/2013 The early voyages by the Portuguese and Spanish were motivated by gold, trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through religious conversion. The voyages of a few adventurers show that the Spanish and Portuguese goals were to spread Catholicism, expand trade, and expand the kingdom of the Spanish and the Portuguese to the new lands they’ve discovered. These adventures were Christopher Columbus who attempted to find a new route to Asia to extend Spain’s trade and to colonize, Bartholomew Columbus and his successful founding of Santo Domingo, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his†¦show more content†¦By 1508 there were 10,000 Spaniards living in 15 new settlements. Although Bartholomew’s colonization caused the Taà ­no’s to dwindle out Santo Domingo is now the capital of Dominican Republic Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions, Andres Dorantes, Alonzo del Castillo Maldonado, and Estevan were the sole survivors of a four hundred men expedition. The group of them went about the friendly Indian tribes preforming miracles of healing, with the power of Christianity. At one time five sick persons were brought into the camp, and the Indians insisted that Castillo should cure them. At sunset he pronounced a blessing over the sick, and all the Christians united in a prayer to God, asking him to restore the sick to health, and on the following morning there was not a sick person among them. De Vaca and his companions reached the Pacific coast where the Indians, showed signs of civilization, living in houses covered with straw, wearing cotton clothes and dressed skins, with belts and ornaments of stone, and cultivating their fields, but had been driven therefrom by the brutal Spanish soldiery and had taken refuge in the mountains, de Vaca and his comrades, being regarded as emissaries from the Almighty, exercised such power over these untutored savages that, at their bidding, the Indians returned to their deserted habitations, and began again to cultivate their fields, the assurance being given them by de Vaca and his companions that henceforth they wouldShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1311 Words   |  6 Pagespigmentation.† The colonial system demand for labor in the early modern time created multiethnic societies all over the world. European colonization over Africa and America created new multiethnic societies, produced linguistic evolution. 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Cfa Level1 Note †Ethics and Professional Standards Free Essays

string(27) " of the previous employer\." Ethical and Professional Standards 1. : Code of Ethics A. : State the four components of the Code of Ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Cfa Level1 Note – Ethics and Professional Standards or any similar topic only for you Order Now Members of AIMR shall: 1. Act with integrity, competence, dignity, and in an ethical manner when dealing with the public, clients, prospects, employers, employees, and fellow members. 2. Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on members and their profession. 3. Strive to maintain and improve their competence and the competence of others in the profession. . Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment. to launch Standards of Practice 2-I. : Standards of Professional Conduct: I. Fundamental Responsibilities A. : Know the laws and rules. Standard: Maintain knowledge of and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations (including AIMR’s Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct) of any government, government agency, regulatory organization, licensing agency, or professional association governing the members’ professional activities. Compliance: Members can acquire and maintain knowledge about applicable laws, rules, and regulations by: †¢ Maintaining current files on applicable statutes, rules, and regulations. †¢ Keeping informed. †¢ Reviewing written compliance procedures on a regular basis. B. : Don’t break or help others break the law. Standard: Not knowingly participate or assist in any violation of such laws, rules, or regulations. Compliance: When members suspect a client or a colleague of planning or engaging in ongoing illegal activities, members should take the following actions: †¢ Consult counsel to determine if the conduct is, in fact, illegal. Disassociate from any illegal or unethical activity. When members have reasonable grounds to believe that a client’s or employee’s activities are illegal or unethical, the members should dissociate from these activities and urge their firm to attempt to persuade the perpetrator to cease such activity. 2-II. : Standards of Professional Conduct: II. Relationships with and Responsibilities to the Profession A. : Use of Professional Designation II(A. 1) AIMR members may reference their membership only in a dignified and judicious manner. The use of the reference may be accompanied by an accurate explanation of the requirements that have been met to obtain membership in these organizations. II(A. 2) Those who have earned the right to use the Chartered Financial Analyst designation may use the marks â€Å"Chartered Financial Analyst† or â€Å"CFA† and are encouraged to do so, but only in a proper, dignified, and judicious manner. The use of the designation may be accompanied by an accurate explanation of the requirements that have been met to obtain the right to use the designation. II(A. ) Candidates in the CFA Program, as defined in the AIMR Bylaws, may reference their participation in the CFA Program, but the reference must clearly state that an individual is a candidate in the CFA Program and cannot imply that the candidate has achieved any type of partial designation. B. : Professional Misconduct II(B. 1) Members shall not engage in any professional conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or mis representation or commit any act that reflects adversely on their honesty, trustworthiness, or professional competence. II(B. 2) Members and candidates shall not engage in any conduct or commit any act that compromises the integrity of the CFA designation or the integrity or validity of the examinations leading to the award of the right to use the CFA designation. Compliance: 1. Make clear that dishonest personal behavior reflects poorly on the profession. 2. Adopt a code of ethics to which every employee must subscribe. 3. Conduct background checks on potential employees to ensure that they are of good character and eligible to work in the investment industry. C. : Prohibition against Plagiarism Standard: Members shall not copy or use, in substantially the same form as the original, material prepared by another without acknowledging and identifying the name of the author, publisher, or source of such material. Members may use, without acknowledgment, factual information published by recognized financial and statistical reporting services or similar sources. ? ? Compliance: 1. Maintain copies of materials that were relied on in preparing the research report. 2. Attribute quotations (and projections, tables, statistics, models, and methodologies) used other than recognized financial and statistical reporting services. 3. Attribute paraphrases and summaries of material prepared by others. 2-III. : Standards of Professional Conduct: III. Relationships and Responsibilities to the Employer A. : Inform your Employer of the Code and Standards III(A. 1) Members shall inform their employer in writing, through their direct supervisor, that they are obligated to comply with the Code and Standards and are subject to disciplinary sanctions for violations thereof. III(A. 2) Members shall deliver a copy of the Code and Standards to their employer if the employer does not have a copy. Compliance: Members should notify their supervisor in writing of the Code and Standards and the member’s responsibility to follow them. The member should also suggest that the employers adopt the Code and Standards and disseminate it throughout the firm. If the employer has publicly acknowledged, in writing, that they have adopted AIMR’s Code and Standards as part of the firm’s policies then the member need not give the formal written notification as required by III(A). B. : Duty to Employer Standard: Members shall not undertake any independent practice that could result in compensation or other benefit in competition with their employer unless they obtain written consent from both their employer and the persons or entities for whom they undertake independent practice. ? ? Compliance: 1. Members who plan to engage in independent practice for compensation should provide written statements to their employer describing the types of services they will perform, the expected duration of the services, and the compensation they will receive. . Members should also disclose to their prospective clients the identity of their employer, the fact that they are performing independently of the employer, and what their employer would charge for similar services. 3. Members seeking new employment should not contact existing clients or potential clients prior to leaving their employer or take records/files to their new employer without the written permission of the pr evious employer. You read "Cfa Level1 Note – Ethics and Professional Standards" in category "Papers" C. Disclose Conflicts between you and your Employer III(C. 1): Members shall disclose to their employer all matters, including beneficial ownership of securities or other investments, that reasonably could be expected to interfere with their duty to their employer or ability to make unbiased and objective recommendations. III(C. 2): Members shall comply with any prohibitions on activities imposed by their employer if a conflict of interest exists. Compliance: Members should report to their employers any beneficial interest and any special relationships, like corporate directorships, that may reasonably be considered a conflict of interest with their responsibilities. Members should also discuss the situation with their firm’s compliance officer before taking any action that could lead to a conflict of interest. D. : Disclose Additional Compensation from Outside the Firm to your Employer Standard: Members shall disclose to their employer in writing all monetary ompensation or other benefits that they receive for their services that are in addition to compensation or benefits conferred by a member’s employer. Compliance: Members should make an immediate written report to their employer specifying any compensation or benefits they receive or propose to receive for services in addition to what their employer is to give them. This written report should state the terms of any oral or written agreement, the amount of co mpensation, and the duration of the agreement. E. : Responsibilities of Supervisors Standard: Members with supervisory responsibilities, authority, or the ability to influence the conduct of others shall exercise reasonable supervision over those subject to their supervision or authority to prevent any violation of applicable statutes, regulation, or provisions of the Code and Standards. In so doing, members are entitled to rely on reasonable procedures designed to detect and prevent such violations. ? ? Compliance: The supervisor and the compliance officer should: 1. Disseminate the compliance procedures. 2. Update the procedures as necessary. 3. Educate the staff and issue periodic reminders. . Incorporate a professional conduct evaluation into the employee’s performance review. 5. Review employee actions to ensure compliance and identify violators, initiating procedures once a violation has occurred. A supervisor should respond promptly to the violation by conducting a thorough investigation, and placing limitations on the wrongdoer until the investigation is complete. 2-IV. : Standards of Professional Conduct: IV. Relationships with and Responsibilities to Clients and Prospects A. : The Investment Process IV(A. 1) Reasonable Basis and Representations. Members shall: a. Exercise diligence and thoroughness in making investment recommendations or in taking investment actions. b. Have a reasonable and adequate basis, supported by appropriate research and investigation, for such recommendations or actions. c. Make reasonable and diligent efforts to avoid any material misrepresentation in any research report or investment recommendation. d. Maintain appropriate records to support the reasonableness of such recommendations or actions. Compliance: 1. Analyze the investment’s basic characteristics (records must show the characteristics of the investment and the basis for the recommendation). . Analyze the needs of the portfolio (includes the client’s needs, as well as the needs of the total portfolio). 3. Maintain files to support investment recommendations. [pic] IV(A. 2) Research Reports. Members shall: a. Use reasonable judgment regarding the inclusion or exclusion of relevant factors in research reports. b. Distinguish between facts and op inions in research reports. c. Indicate the basic characteristics of the investment involved when preparing for public distribution a research report that is not directly related to a specific portfolio or client. Compliance: Members should consider including the following information in research reports: 1. Expected annual rates of return, calculated on a total return basis. 2. Annual income expectations. 3. Current rate of return or yield. 4. The degree of uncertainty associated with the cash flows, and other risk factors. 5. The investment’s marketability or liquidity. [pic] IV(A. 3) Independence and Objectivity. Members shall use reasonable care and judgment to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in making investment recommendations or taking investment actions. Compliance: 1. Protect integrity of opinions. Reports should reflect the analyst’s unbiased opinion. 2. Disclose all corporate relationships (i. e. , directorships, underwriting arrangements or acting as a market maker). 3. Disclose personal holdings and beneficial ownerships. 4. Create a restricted list. 5. Restrict special cost arrangements. Members should pay for their commercial transportation and hotel charges. 6. Limit gifts (US$100 is the maximum acceptable value for a gift or gratuity). 7. Restrict investments (strict limits should be imposed on private placements). 8. Review procedures (supervise the personal investment activities of the employees). B. : Interactions with Clients and Prospects IV(B. 1) Fiduciary Duties: In relationships with clients, members shall use particular care in determining applicable fiduciary duty and shall comply with such duty as to those persons and interests to whom the duty is owed. Members must act for the benefit of their clients and place their clients’ interests before their own. Compliance: 1. Follow all applicable rules and laws. 2. Establish the investment objectives of the client. 3. Diversify. 4. Deal fairly with all clients with respect to investment actions. 5. Disclose all possible conflicts of interest. . Disclose compensation arrangements. 7. Preserve the confidentiality of client information. 8. Maintain loyalty to the plan beneficiaries. [pic] IV(B. 2) Portfolio Investment Recommendations and Actions: Members shall: a. Make a reasonable inquiry into a client’s financial situation, investment experience, and investment objectives prior to making any investment recommen dations and shall update this information as necessary, but no less frequently than annually, to allow the members to adjust their investment recommendations to reflect changed circumstances. b. Consider the appropriateness and suitability of investment recommendations or actions for each portfolio or client (including the needs and circumstances of the portfolio or client, the basic characteristics of the investment involved, and the basic characteristics of the total portfolio). c. Distinguish between facts and opinions in presenting recommendations. d. Disclose to clients and prospects the basic format and general principles of the investment processes by which securities are selected and portfolios are constructed and shall promptly disclose to clients and prospects any changes that might significantly affect those processes. Compliance: Know basic nature of your client; know objectives and constraints. [pic] IV(B. 3) Fair Dealing: Members shall deal fairly and objectively with all clients and prospects when disseminating investment recommendations, disseminating material changes in prior investment recommendations, and taking investment action. Compliance: 1. Limit the number of people privy to recommendations and changes. 2. Shorten the time frame between initiation and dissemination. 3. Publish personnel guidelines for pre-dissemination. 4. Simultaneous dissemination. 5. Establish rules about employee trading activities. . Establish procedures for determining material changes. 7. Maintain a list of clients and their holdings. 8. Develop trade allocation procedures. 9. Make sure one account is not being used to bail out other accounts. 10. If the firm offers differing levels of service, this fact should be disclosed to all clients. [pic] IV(B. 4) Priority of Transactions: Clients and employers shall hav e priority over transactions in securities or other investments of which a member is the beneficial owner so that such personal transactions do not operate adversely to their clients’ or employer’s interests. If members make a recommendation regarding the purchase or sale of a security or other investment, they shall give their clients and employer adequate opportunity to act on the recommendation before acting on their own behalf. Compliance: 1. Define personal transactions. 2. Define covered investments. 3. Limit the number of access persons. â€Å"Fire Walls† should be built to prevent the flow of information from one group or department to other groups within the firm. 4. Define prohibited transactions. The text specifically mentions equity based IPOs. . Establish reporting procedures and prior-clearance requirements. 6. Ensure that procedures will be enforced and establish disciplinary procedures. [pic] IV(B. 5) Preservation of Confidentiality: Members shall preserve the confidentiality of information communicated by clients, prospects, or employers concerning matters within the scope of the client-member, prospect-member, or employer-member relationship unless the member rece ives information concerning illegal activities on the part of the client, prospect, or employer. Compliance: The simplest and most effective way to comply is to avoid discussing any information received from a client except to colleagues working on the same project. [pic] IV(B. 6) Prohibition against Misrepresentation: Members shall not make any statements, orally or in writing that misrepresent: a. the services that they or their firms are capable of performing. b. their qualifications or the qualifications of their firm. c. the member’s academic or professional credentials. Members shall not make or imply, orally or in writing, any assurances or guarantees regarding any investment except to communicate accurate information regarding the terms of the investment instrument and the issuer’s obligations under the instrument. Compliance: Firms can provide guidance to employees who make written or oral presentations to clients or prospects by providing a written list of the firm’s available services and a description of the firm’s qualifications. [pic] IV(B. ) Disclosure of Conflicts to Clients and Prospects: Members shall disclose to their clients and prospects all matters, including beneficial ownership of securities or other investments, that reasonably could be expected to impair the member’s ability to make unbiased and objective recommendations. Compliance: Members should report to their employers, clients, and prospects any material beneficial interest they may have in securities, corporate directorships, or other special re lationships they may have with the companies they are recommending. Members should make the disclosures before they make any recommendations or take any investment actions regarding these investments. [pic] IV(B. 8) Disclosure of Referral Fees: Members shall disclose to clients and prospects any consideration or benefit received by the member or delivered to others for the recommendation of any services to the client or prospect. Compliance: 1. Disclose all agreements in writing to any client or prospect who has been referred. 2. Describe in the disclosure the nature of the consideration and the estimated dollar value of the consideration. . Consult a supervisor and legal counsel concerning any prospective arrangement regarding referral fees. 2-V. : Standards of Professional Conduct: V. Relationships with and Responsibilities to the Investing Public A. : Prohibition against Use of Material Nonpublic Information Standard: Members who possess material nonpublic information related to the value of a security shall not trade or cause others to trade in t hat security if such trading would breach a duty or if the information was misappropriated or relates to a tender offer. If members receive material nonpublic information in confidence, they shall not breach that confidence by trading or causing others to trade in securities to which such information relates. Members shall make reasonable efforts to achieve public dissemination of material nonpublic information disclosed in breach of a duty. Compliance: Fire walls, minimum elements are: 1. Control over interdepartmental communications. 2. Review employee trading against restricted lists. 3. Restrict proprietary trading while the firm is in possession of material nonpublic information. Additional procedures: 1. Restrict personal and proprietary employee trading. 2. Place securities on a restricted list when the firm has material nonpublic information. 3. Disseminate material nonpublic information only to those with a need to know. 4. Designate a supervisor who decides when trading is appropriate. B. : Performance presentation Standard: 1. Members shall not make any statements, orally or in writing, that misrepresent the investment performance that they or their firms have accomplished or can reasonably be expected to achieve. 2. If members communicate individual or firm performance information directly or indirectly to clients or prospective clients, or in a manner intended to be received by clients or prospective clients, members shall make every reasonable effort to assure that such performance information is a fair, accurate, and complete presentation of such performance. Compliance: Misrepresentation about the investment performance of the firm can be avoided if the member maintains data about the firm’s investment performance in written form. Investment accounts should be combined into composites by investment class and risk groups. : Standards of Practice Handbook a: Demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the Standards of Professional Conduct by recognizing and applying the Standards to specific situations. This is an application of many different ethics concepts to different scenarios. After having learned the ethics material in earlier learning outcomes you will be able to apply these concepts to various scenarios as you take the quizzes. b: Distinguish between conduct that conforms to the Code and the Standards and conduct that violates the Code and the Standards. This requires looking at different scenarios and possibly applying several ethics concepts to each scenario. After you learn and understand the ethics concepts you will be able to apply them to specific situations through the quizzes. 4: AIMR Performance Presentation Standards Handbook a: Explain the goals of the AIMR-PPS Standards. The Standards have been designed to meet the following goals: †¢ To achieve greater uniformity and comparability among performance presentations. †¢ To improve the service offered to investment management clients. †¢ To enhance the professionalism of the industry. To bolster the notion of self-regulation. Note: The Presentation Standards are intended primarily to be performance presentation standards, not performance measurement standards. Portions of the AIMR-PPS are required while some are recommended. AIMR strongly encourages the adoption of both required and recommended components of the Standards. Also, performance presentations may ha ve to provide more than the minimum requirements of the AIMR-PPS to meet the full intent of the Standards. b: Identify the parties affected by the AIMR-PPS standards. Firms. The PPS Standards are voluntary. The PPS are widely recognized as fair and accurate reporting guidelines for investment performance. †¢ AIMR Members, CFA Charterholders, and CFA Candidates. The PPS are not explicitly incorporated into the AIMR Code and Standards of Professional Conduct. The PPS does, however, help insure that members, charterholders and candidates are in compliance with Standard V(B), Performance Presentation, so that they will make no material misrepresentation of their performance results. †¢ Prospective and Current Clients. The PPS helps clients compare investment performance across firms. The PPS helps clients evaluate their investment manager’s performance. c: Identify the four main topics of the AIMR-PPS standards (i. e. , creation and maintenance of composites, calculation of returns, presentation of results, and disclosures). †¢ Creation and maintenance of composites. A composite is a set of portfolios that follow the same investment style. †¢ Calculation of returns. †¢ Presentation of results. †¢ Disclosures. d: Identify what constitutes a valid claim of compliance with the AIMR-PPS standards. To claim compliance, firms must meet all composite, calculation, presentation, and disclosure requirements. Adherence to the basic requirements, however, does not guarantee fair and adequate performance reporting. Compliance with the standards also requires adherence to all applicable laws and regulations. If the firm has made every reasonable effort to ensure that their performance presentation is in compliance with the PPS, the firm can use the following legend:? XYZ Firm has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Performance Presentation Standards of the Association for Investment Management and Research. AIMR has not been involved with the preparation or review of this report. †¢ Any use of the mark â€Å"AIMR† except as shown above is prohibited. †¢ If results are not in full compliance, performance cannot be presented as: Being in compliance with the AIMR-PPS except for †¦ †¢ Statements referring to the calculation methodology used in a presentation as being in accordance or compliance with AIMR-PPS standards are prohibited. †¢ AIMR members who misuse the term AIMR, AIMR-PPS standards, or the Compliance Statement are subject to disciplinary sanctions under Standard V(B). How to cite Cfa Level1 Note – Ethics and Professional Standards, Papers

Advanced Methods For Complex The Network †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advanced Methods For Complex The Network? Answer: Introducation WiMAX or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access is a union of the organizations developing and manufacturing wireless gadgets for the improvement of IEEE 802.16 standards for networks like the Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). WiMAX is a 4G networking system and has Wireless Wide Area network (WAN) which covers the area as same as DSL lines (Ahmad Ismail, 2016). Wires 3DES (Data Encryption Standard) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are used by the WiMAX for the encryption of data transferred on the network system. Three different keys have been used by this 3DES for data encryption. Each data length is about 56 bit. The encryption keys of 128-bit, 192-bits and 256-bits are generally supported by the AES. AES has been denoted as a very popular algorithm that has been built from CCMP. 3DES has a much slower process of encryption than AES. Advanced Encryption standard thus has much easier process to implement by using less memory. Though, AES does not need dedicated proce ssors on the board such as the BS. But there is also a risk of AES for not being used by every end-user terminals. At first this helps in considering the fact that the 3DES may remain an important encryption tool over the WiMAX network, even in the presence of AES (Bahl, Sharma Verma 2012). Security challenges faced by WAPN technology There are several kinds of WAPN technologies that has been implemented over the network, but two most commonly used WAPN technologies are the Bluetooth and the ZigBee network. Both of these technologies face similar difficulty, as the security issues has been faced by the wireless technology. Security challenges faced by Bluetooth technology are listed below: Eavesdropping: In this process the attacker is able to sniff the air of the transmission taken place by the Bluetooth and thus exploits the right vulnerability, reads or listens to the information (Dadhich, Narang Yadav, 2012). Bluesnarfing: In this process the attacker can pair to another device and once the device has been paired, accessibility gets easy so thus stealing of data from the Bluetooth device. Blue bugging: In this an attacker generally gets the easier access of the remote control of various aspects of the users device. Thus sending of messages, outgoing calls and texts, settings change and watching of key presses and screens and many other things must be avoided (Rewagad Pawar, 2013). Denial of service: DoS is a common data breaching process that puts a barrier between the data and the users, and thus demands for money or unauthorized order to the user for getting back the accessibility of their data. Blocking the communication, draining the battery of the device or even crashing the devices is some of the common deeds of DoS attacker. Security challenges faced by ZigBee technology are listed below (Ramsey, Mullins White, 2012): Sniffing: There is a tendency of the attackers to sniff the improper encryption used in the network system and attack the information of the network. Replay attack: In this the attacker record the approved traffic on the network and plays it later in a malicious effect. Physical Attacks: The attackers locate the device interference of ZigBee. Hard coded encryption keys which are loaded in the RAM are often employed by radios operating. The devices in the network are disturbed and flashed so there remains a possibility of replacing the keys becomes less and having known the issues the attackers can set up special serial interfaces in order to intercept the encryption key in the ZigBee device when the power rises from flash to RAM (Rawat Bhattacharya, 2016). Paper Review: Energy Harvesting Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. This article discusses about the energy harvesting techniques used in daily lives. Harvesting of energy is one of the emerging technology related to applications on indoor and outdoor environment. The demands for energy harvesting as increasing with the advancement of microelectronics and MEMS. Focusing on the classifications of the schemes used on energy harvesting techniques in WSNs. Explained that Major reason for deploying energy harvesting technique is due to the major problem faced by WSN regarding energy. Ulukus, Sennur, et al. "Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381. 4. This article summarizes the application of energy harvesting in a broad area of wireless communication network, covering a variety of topics which includes the information-theoretical and physical layer of performance limit to the scheduling policies and medium access control protocol. Discussion of the energy and information transfer provides exciting possibilities that can be adapted in the future to adapt the network operations with improved performance. Netbooks are very difficult to repair upgrade or modify. They have a closed and integrated design. In netbooks storage drives and RAM are usually the things which someone wants to modify. It is almost impossible for someone to replace the CPU, graphics chip or the motherboard. Repairing requires professional equipment's and tools or a hired professional technician. Netbook configurations are limited. Most of the cell phones has the ability to perform tasks that a computer can as well. Accessibility of the internet writing the emails and sending documents from anywhere possible. Thus this allows people to be on top of time sensitive issues. Usage of a cell phone in the business allows for increasing flexibility while working this has numerous benefits. More flexile the organization greater is the chance to display the superiority of the business. Employees representing the company may need to keep continuous contact with the company when they are on road. References Ahmad, R., Ismail, W. (2016). Performance Comparison of Advanced Encryption Standard-128 Algorithms for WIMAX Application with Improved Power-Throughput.Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,11(12), 1-17. Bahl, N., Sharma, A. K., Verma, H. K. (2012). On Denial of Service Attacks for Wireless Sensor Networks.SYSTEM,17, 18. Dadhich, R., Narang, G., Yadav, D. M. (2012). Analysis and Literature Review of IEEE 802.16 e (Mobile WiMAX) Security.International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology,1, 167-173. Ramsey, B. W., Mullins, B. E., White, E. D. (2012, October). Improved tools for indoor ZigBee warwalking. InLocal Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops), 2012 IEEE 37th Conference on(pp. 921-924). IEEE. Rawat, D. B., Bhattacharya, S. (2016). Wireless Body Area Network for Healthcare Applications. InAdvanced Methods for Complex Network Analysis(pp. 343-358). IGI Global. Rewagad, P., Pawar, Y. (2013, April). Use of digital signature with diffie hellman key exchange and AES encryption algorithm to enhance data security in cloud computing. InCommunication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 437-439). IEEE.

Visual Language Analysis

They say that humans are meaning makers, and we uniquely make meanings by means of our own creation and interpretation of codes and signs which take the form of words, images, sounds, odours, flavours, acts and objects. These forms of signs have no original meaning and actually become signs only when we invest them with meanings. We actually think in signs then transform them into language (Peirce 1931).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Language Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the signs and codes are recognised by all as living in one and the same society we seem to have the similar vision and interpretation of those signs. It is more difficult with the representatives of other cultures as they have other signs. One of the best examples of the signs and gestures and pictures which are able to tell us much without words. The example of the differences is signs between the cultures may be co nsidered the following, all the nations in the world nod when they agree with something and only Bulgaria people shake head when they agree. The same is with the pictures. There are two forms of signs, iconic (the visual one) and indexical (either spoken or written), according to Saussure’s (1960) analysis. On the other hand, Saussure (1960) defines code as a system of signs each of which is distinct from each other. He believes that it is a systematic organization or structure of signs. On the other hand, he believes that codes may appear to be different from language, but in fact, they are both the same, although human languages clearly are among the most complex codes. My four classmates and I discussed all the pictures that were given to us. Among all of the images we have chosen to analyze the third image. We could not see indexical signs in the image, yet we could observe several iconic signs. First, we could notice a man, with eight well- dressed women behind him, all standing on a stage with a background full of lights. The signs in the image are quite comprehensible and straightforward that helps you form a clear image about the concept of the event. Furthermore, recognizing the man as a fashion designer named Karl Lagerfeld made it clearer to us and helped us create a meaning to the image we are looking at. The meaning that we have all agreed on the given the image is the following, Karl Lagerfeld is launching a new fashion line, and all those ladies behind him are the models who promote his fancy designs. The whole background adds to the impression that he fashion show is presented.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having a task to substitute or add some of the signs with the purpose to change the meaning of the picture, our group agreed on a military theme. We all thought that this image could represent a war zone where the fashion designer K arl Lagerfeld was the army leader and all those models behind him could be the soldiers. The models could also wear military uniform and boots instead of the heels. Moreover, the background should be changed completely to add to the new main meaning of the photo. A sandy area instead of the stage and the ruined buildings from two sides is a great idea. The lights could be substituted with the fire flames caused by a bombardment and one or two tanks may be also a great idea to add to the new meaning. Reference List Peirce, CS, Hartshorne, C, Weiss, P Burks, AW (eds.) 1931, Collected Writings, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Saussure. FD 1960, Course in general linguistics, Peter Owen, London. Word Count: 569 This essay on Visual Language Analysis was written and submitted by user Arya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

DMA Softens Objections To Do Not Call Law essays

DMA Softens Objections To 'Do Not Call' Law essays WASHINGTON (AdAge.com) The Direct Marketing Association today softened its position against a federally-mandated "do not call" list for telemarketers, suggesting it biggest desire is a "one stop" list that would keep marketers from having to buy separate lists from state and federal agencies. At first the DMA seemed to endorse a proposal for a national do-not-call list from the Federal Communications Commission, but the trade group said afterward "the jury is out" on whether the government should get involved with preventing telemarketers from reaching consumers. The DMA's comments came after the House Energy and Commerce Committee heard Federal Trade Commission Chairman Timothy Muris plea to Congress for it to allocate $16 million the FTC says it needs to fund its own do-not-call list. Marketers will eventually pay the list's whole cost through fees collected to access the list. The DMA's position advocating any sort of list puts it at odds with the American Teleservices Association, which represents callers. The DMA represents marketers. Matthew Mattingley, director of Related Stories: WILL TELEMARKETERS LOSE HALF THEIR AUDIENCE? Dire Predictions About Impact of FTC 'Do Not Call' Rules FTC EMPOWERS CONSUMERS TO BLOCK SALES CALLS Congress Must Approve; Telemarketers Vow to Fight Law DMA BEGINS ATTACK ON FTC TELEMARKETER RULES New Consumer Protection Laws to Be Unveiled Wednesday government affairs for the telemarketing association, said today his group continues to believe that any attempt by the federal government to block marketers from calling consumers is unconstitutional and that the group is readying a lawsuit challenging the FTC rule. That also had been the DMA's position, but today Jerry Cerasale, the DMA's senior vice president, cited the difficulty of successfully challenging a concept widely embraced by the public. ...

Literature review on How do School Nurses perceive their Public Health

On How do School Nurses perceive their Public Health role - Literature review Example These services can include: provision of health and sex education to students, developmental screening activities, and administering immunization (Burns and Grove, 2003). School nurses are normally employed by schools directly, or they can be employed by the primary care trust, community trust or the local health authority. For most o the roles of school nurses, some prior experience in healthcare is required. DeBell (2006) acknowledges the service has shifted to a Public Health focus. She decided to conduct a ‘scope review’ to identify how this shift affects the school nurse service, particularly in relation to training needs. Public health principles, which have a strong preventive emphasis, have always played an important role in school nursing (Department of Health, 2002). The new child centered public health approach to school nursing makes it possible for school nurses to work within their public health roles, while at the same time, providing an environment to ensure that they make a maximum impact in their child or student-based work. Goodman-Brown and Appleton (2004) established that nursing practitioners working in the school environment perceived their role in different ways and evidence suggests this is mainly influenced by their understanding of Public Health.  For many nurses, public health is a different concept from school nursing. They do not see any connection between the services offered by school nurses and the general wellbeing of society (Wood and Ross-Kerr, 2010). McMurray and Cheater (2004) revealed that School Nurses believed that their Public Health role was misunderstood and unrecognized. According to the researchers, nurses thought that the public still perceived them as the ‘nit nurse’ (Burns and Grove, 2003). Most people do not realize the important role that school nurses play in the development of children and young people. Nurses feel that their work normally goes unnoticed since people do not

Stop YELLING AT YOUR KIDS. It's Bad for Them Essay

Stop YELLING AT YOUR KIDS. It's Bad for Them - Essay Example There is a lot of research that supports the usefulness of this system. Unless, an individual is rewarded for showing good discipline and punished for showing bad discipline, the individual cannot learn, actively or passively, which behaviors are socially acceptable and which are not. The author has based her results on a study that found out that yelling has bad effects on the psychology of the children which can be biased. Furthermore, the study is based on middle-class families in which the children require least disciplining anyway. Even if the results of the study are believed, they cannot be applied on poor and elite Americans that make a larger part of the American society combined, alike. The author has made a good analysis of the possible outcomes of yelling i.e. either the child gets embarrassed and becomes quiet or the child yells back. While these are rightly the two possible outcomes of yelling, it is wrong to say that parental yelling instills embarrassment or anger in the children. Yes, it does induce these feelings in the children for a while, but this is healthy. If a child is raised without letting him/her experience these feelings at all, he would not know when to use these feelings in his/her dealing with others in the society. ... Not only those children never shout back at their parents themselves, they cannot take it when somebody else even talks bad about their parents. Their behavior toward their parents is so nice because their parents have used right combination of spanking and yelling to raise their children in such a way. Their technique works more often than not. The west should take lessons from those societies. On the contrary, what happens in our society where the law has placed so many restrictions over what a parent can and cannot do to the children is completely devastating. Let’s take the Maury Show for example. It is a very popular show in which Maury, the host introduces the problems faced by average Americans in their personal lives. This includes all classes of Americans, including the rich, the middle-class, and the poor. One can frequently find such episodes in the Maury Show where a parent is abused verbally, physically, or both by his/her children. This is a really upsetting situ ation and parents in such a situation feel awkward and unsafe in their own home. This is definitely the result of such a legal framework in which parents’ hands are tied whereas the children are given the leverage to do whatever they want to do. Children in such a society as ours know the legal limitations imposed on the parents and tend to blackmail the parents for that. Concluding, in a society in which beating, spanking, and so many other kinds of behaviors that a parent can execute to discipline a child are forbidden, yelling is the one and only weapon in the hands of the parents. If the weapon of yelling is taken away from the parents, they practically get into an inferior position to their children because while

Role of United nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role of United nation - Essay Example UN plays a critical role in Iraq in terms of the reconstruction, promotion and support of political and national reconciliation. This is enhanced by its efforts to coordinate with donors as well as international financial institutions with a common course. Ideally, there is funding, planning and implementation of reintegration programs for convert illegal armed militias. Also there is the assistance of the national as well as local government institutions. Other insights include them strengthening of the rule of law in Iraq, advising the Iraq’s High Independent Electoral Commission on ways to strengthen electoral processes, coordinating efforts for reliable census occurrence within the state, addressing of the human rights issues and commendably support the return of refugees and internally displaced persons. It should be imperative to note that reform of the economy is the most important role it serves to date. (Berdal, 2004) Amid sluggish global growth and declining aid flows, the United Nations has been able to achieve development and is scaling to higher heights to set forth development globally through the millennium development goals. In its course include eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, support towards achievement of universal primary education, promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, reduction of child mortality, and enhancement of maternal health, addressing ways to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases and assurance of environmental sustainability. Through all these, development is achieved tremendously. (Millennium, 2000) Millenium Report of the Secretary General (2000) ‘we the peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century’, A/54/2000, UN.org, (New York: United Nations), ,

Critique of how to fix financial reporting

Critique of how to fix financial reporting This report has been taken from businessweek and is written by David Bogoslaw. He is a graduate form the University of Columbia. His main field of research and reporting includes energy, chemical industry, science and culture. The basic aim of this report is to identify the loopholes in financial reporting and find solutions to improve the transparency in it. In the wake of current crisis the report has much importance as some of the causes of this recent turmoil I context of financial reporting are discussed. The report suggests that a major overhaul of the global financial reporting frame work is required. Although many reforms and some basic structural make over are needed but main focus of the report remains the transparency and accuracy in financial information. Bogoslaw claims that one of the major fact behind this financial crisis is the risky investments which has forced the paper based financial derivative economy to collapse. Banks and mortgage landing companies are the worst victim of this current financial crisis as they have failed to recognise the risk in their products because of the complex nature of the products. The report also tells that some confusing accounting practices have misled the investor by giving wrong and biased information. Most of the financial annalists are regulators are agreed on the basic principle to get the investors confidence back all the financial institutions will have to improve transparency in their reporting structure. The author has focused in four major areas where he believes that the financial management of any firm have to look for loopholes and work out the possible solutions to fix them. According to Professor Paul Miller who teaches accounting at the University of Colorado, its time for companies to change their view about capital markets. In the past three decades they have successfully identified some of the major elements for their growth and success but they have failed to recognise the importance of one very important factor. They have managed to build customer loyalty and employee support through better care and incentives. They have also adopted just-in-time supply chain management and effective use of information technology has developed good communication with their suppliers. But he thinks that most of the companies have failed to recognise the importance the forth factor which is capital market. Miller argues that a firm must inform capital market about prospective cash flow and intended use of the gained capital. He argues that little or biased information will have negative effect of firms reputation. In his views managers in the capital markets are competent enough to figure out any doubtful financial information provided by the company and are in a better position to take decision about the investment. William Isaac who has been chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in mid 1980s blames FABSs 15 years old rule which requires assets to be valued at their current market value. He believes that this rule puts companies in a difficult position to use this rule when the value of their assets has a temporary decline. This further forces the company to write down their asset values and thus equity is destroyed. But SEC and FASB have developed a new way to over come this by allowing companys top management to use their own financial models to value assets when their value has a huge decline in the market. Miller also focuses on making derivatives more transparent. He argues that its time to regain the investors confidence for financial stability. He believes that some of the financial reporting practices have to be reformed. Off -balance-sheet financing and pension fund accounting practices under U.S GAAP have to be reformed. IASB and FASB are working together to improve the qualitative characteristics of financial reports, they have successful in the formation of FAS 158 under which pension fund assets and liabilities are shown on the firms balance sheet as net amount instead of in footnotes. In his views, banks now have to introduce plain-vanilla investment products. Kenneth Scott who is a professor at Stanford University thinks that trust for securitized assets like CMO,s can only be gained by improving transparency among these assets as the current structure of these assets is very complex e.g;CMO,s CDO,s and CDO squared mixed up and they confuse the investor. The complex structure almost made it impossible for asset managers to calculate the losses in all these assets. Scotts suggests that to improve the transparency for these complex structured securitized asset there is need of a basic data bank. He thinks that this is the time for us to realise the need of an electronic financial reporting system. A data base which get all the related financial information and process it to make information more accurate and useful, this will further reduce the uncertainty. To achieve this, credit rating agencies can contribute much as they already have data collected which they use to identify the amount of risk associated with individuals and companies when it comes to financial decision making process. Philip Moyer who is chief executive of EDGAR online, emphasis the use of electronic data base formats. According to him this will give analyst and regulators more time and freedom to analyze the data. XBRL is one the most successful software used by many countries to analyze and compare companys financial data with much ease. One the other hand Cindy Fornelli, who is executive director of the Washington based Centre for Audit Quality, says that investors need to get more access to tools which can help them to understand deeply the financial statements of any company before making any investment decision. CQA has recently completed a year and half long study which was focused on the possible ways to improve the financial reporting structure. The key participants were investors, company officials former chairman of SEC and a state Attorney General. They suggests that financial reports should identify the key performance indicators for the industry in which the firm is trading. This will enable the investor to compare this with other companies and the overall condition of the industry. Introduction I have been asked to write a critique on David Bogoslaw report how to fix financial reporting. This report has been published in Business Week Online and is important in context of recent financial crisis. Bogoslaw has carefully presented the views of some of the major finance and accounting professionals. Almost 95% of the report is based on the views of these professionals. This report is also a study in the financial crisis and the role of financial reporting in this regard. First I will analyze the key substantive issues raised by the article and then will check the overall reliability of the stated facts and criticism about financial reporting. Substantive Issues The report How to Fix Financial Reporting has four main substantive issue to look at and they are as follows: Complexity in derivatives Capital market ignorance Role of electronic financial reporting Off balance sheet financing Complexity in derivatives One of the major element which has shaken the investors trust in the capital market is the complexity which lies in the derivatives. They confuse the investor and it becomes almost impossible for an investor to judge the risk involve in these products. On the other hand Kenneth Scott who is a professor at Stanford University thinks that trust for securitized assets like CMO,s can only be gained by improving transparency among these assets. The current structure of these assets is very complex as CMO,s CDO,s and CDO squared are pooled together. The complex structure almost made it impossible for asset managers to calculate the losses in all these assets. Bogle et al (2009),suggests that in a risk aware culture banks and other lending or mortgage originators must consider the creditworthiness of the borrower. Transparency enables investors to have a reasonable basis for their views and reveals existing and potential conflicts of interest. It is suggested by the report that to get the investors back on track banks now have to introduce plain-vanilla investment products for a short period of time. This seems obvious as banks are mostly hit by this global economics slow down. According to Derman (2009), banks now have to take time to consider the risk involve with any kind of decision. This can be achieved by reducing the complexity in the financial products. As plain vanilla products are less complex so the investors are more attracted to less complex products as they believe that they are well aware of the risk involved in these products. Scotts suggests that to improve the transparency for all these complex structured securitized asset there is need of basic data bank. To get such a data bank which have all the information regarding all these asset pools is very difficult. Capital Market Ignorance The report suggests that companies have failed to recognise the real importance of the capital market. The relationship between firms financial management and the capital market is very important for the success of any firm. According to Professor Paul Miller who teaches accounting at the University of Colorado, its time for companies to change their view about capital markets. In the past three decades they have successfully identified some of the major elements for their growth and success but they have failed to recognise the importance of one very important factor. They have managed to build customer loyalty and employee support through better care and incentives. They have also adopted just-in-time supply chain management and effective use of information technology has developed good communication with their suppliers. But he thinks that most of the companies have failed to recognise the importance the forth factor which is capital market. Miller argues that a firm must inform c apital market about prospective cash flow and intended use of the gained capital. He argues that little or biased information will have negative effect of firms reputation. In his views managers in the capital markets are competent enough to figure out any doubtful financial information provided by the company and are in a better position to take decision about the investment. Role of electronic financial reporting This has been suggested in the report by Scotts that one of the possible way to achieve transparency in some complex structured securitized assets is by using a basic data bank. He thinks that this is the time for us to realise the need of an electronic financial reporting system. A data base which get all the related financial information and process it to make information more accurate and useful, this will further reduce the uncertainty. To achieve this, credit rating agencies can contribute much as they already have data collected which they use to identify the amount of risk associated with individuals and companies when it comes to financial decision making process. Philip Moyer who is chief executive of EDGAR online, emphasis the use of electronic data base formats. According to him this will give analyst and regulators more time and freedom to analyze the data. XBRL is one the most successful software used by many countries to analyze and compare companys financial data with much ease .most finance executive accepted the Sec mandate on XBRL. Although this software is really helpful in representation of financial data but company has to consider some critical issues in using these products. According to Stuart(2009), its companys own responsibility to validate data. Finance staff should make sure that the tags in XBRL should match taxonomy and the underlying 10-Q or 10-K before it goes off to SEC. XBRL has a framework which guides companies to prepare financial statements according International Accounting Standard. This has been shown in the fig1. source: http://www.xbrl.org/taxonomy/int/fr/ias/ Off-balance sheet financing and operating lease Off-balance-sheet financing has been criticised by Miller in this report. He believes that companies take advantage of the current GAAP rules when it comes to the operating lease. He believes that some of the financial reporting practices have to be reformed. Off -balance-sheet financing and pension fund accounting practices under U.S GAAP have to be reformed. IASB and FASB are working together to improve the qualitative characteristics of financial reports, they have successful in the formation of FAS 158 under which pension fund assets and liabilities are shown on the firms balance sheet as net amount instead of in footnotes. Finance directors prefer operating lease as it makes their balance sheet shrink. As a general rule-of-thumb a lease does not have to be capitalised so long as the net present value of the lease liabilities amounts to less than 90% of the actual value of the asset. According to Andrew Lennard of Britians Accounting Board the distinction between operating lease and finance lease is a fine line. If a lease is giving the company control like of ownership then the accounts should reflect that. So all the lease should be on the balance sheet. This can misled the investors and other stake holders like credit companies as if they capitalise their operating lease their gearing ratios will shoot up. But off-balance-sheet financing can be a useful tool. This compels the investors to look deeply into the some kind of off-the-book deals. But many companies are reluctant to provide such kind of information. So the key issue remains the disclosure (Feldman, Amy 2002). Validity of the implied criticism of corporate financial reporting To validate any of the criticism made in this article we have to look into the related literature and some the regulation which govern the financial practices in the market. The most important things to consider in this regard is the conceptual framework and qualitative characteristics of financial information. The qualitative characteristics of financial information defines four main characteristics in any financial information namely; reliability, comparability, understanding and relevance. The reports says that investors confidence in markets can only be regained by improving the financial transparency. So basically the author suggests that reliability of the financial information has to be achieved. For financial information to be reliable it must be free from errors. The presentation should be faithful and neutral. It has to be prudent and complete(Elliott Elliott 2008). The author believes that many companies have failed to provide accurate and complete information about their financial standing which is against the qualitative characteristics of financial information. The report also discuss the off-balance sheet finance and operating leases as the current structure of financial reporting makes it hard for a common investor to recognise and understand the firms real financial position. We again look this fact from the perspective of qualitative characteristics of financial reporting and come up with the answer that these practices reduce the understandbility of the information. The report emphasis that it is basic responsibility of firms management to keep capital markets informed about their financial standing. Deliberately biased information will effect the companys reputation and will have a negative effect on their over all performance. This comes under the objectives of financial reporting as governments and other agencies like capital markets are also the come under one the main user group of firms financial information in the form of financial statements(Elliott Elliott 2008) Conclusions: Although finance has never been a previous reporting filed for David Bogoslaw but he has produced a very good and comprehensive report on a very complex subject with the help of professional approach. The major part of the report consists of financial and accounting personalities of decent repute which makes this report more attractive. The report basically emphasis the need of more transparency in financial reporting structure. The four major areas of concern in this report are short shrift to capital markets, restructuring of complex derivatives, need for electronic financial reporting and some basic changes in accounting techniques. The author has been successful in sending his message out about the role of financial reporting in current financial crisis. Need for a basic financial data base has been conveyed in the report. This data base will not only speed up the process of financial reporting but also make this information more timely and reliable.

Understanding Multi-Universe Engineering :: Mathematics Engineerings Essays

Understanding Multi-Universe Engineering A mathematical movement based on a concept of prime numbers from which to model energy pools and their link status to parallel memory spaces is a decisive factor in understanding how a unified theory for energy qualifies as a model for energy exchange within a limited function criteria as set out herein. Life spaces connected by transit designs and their sequence modulations produce flow dynamic accessing energy pathways that concurrently synchronise process and concept determination. Concentration in defining a clear interpretation of pathway methodology to thus describe mental tasks of thought and its overview architecture reduces the emphasis on level structures and their definition within paradigmatic values. Assigning parallel mechanism to design as well as nano-processing methods to acoustical thought links the development of movement with its symbiotic concept as a complex model. Movement transfigures process by duplicating exchange templates within the mnemonic interpretations used by mental values to co-ordinate and dissimulate theory of mind into and beyond the confines of understanding, thus a cliched syntax used to reveal a priori patterns may be placed in context to extension variables. An interpretative understanding in how sense constructs are maintained and support mental movement as a means to evolve and define parallel conditions needed in memory organisation becomes by definition a series of relationships between application of pattern synthesis and initiating nano-patterns exhibiting choice related organisation ab initio leading to milo forms. In considering thought as a matrix from which nano-positions may be seen to relay material development through a series of design arcs consistent with design as control of material interaction to applicate the synthesis of design matrix. Matrix loops developed by adjusting bonding structures via acoustical densities that link with the properties of material structure and so alter structure in accordance with the elemental synthesis required. If a nanodesign is to satisfy criteria for creative logical models and therefore achieve aesthetic credence in design semantics a theoretical perfect linking of elements is envisaged to act as a template e.g. an arrangement of light atoms that store and transmit energy in the form of colour intensity states adjustable by an integrated nanocircuitry of symbolic signals passing through the template system formed of multiform density states. Programmable studies would show the inherent flexibility of multiform nano-states and their self defining properties in designing template systems in which to sub-group and determine signal propagation as a source of powerful binding sites. Frequency structures may be maintained via an in-built system oscillator functioning on a megahertz cycle interpolating and computing at

Childrens functional health pattern Essay

Anemia due to inadequate iron intake, from lack of breast milk and iron fortified formula. 2. Picky eaters. 3. Dental problems due to sleeping with bottle filled with milk or juice. 4. Food being used as a reward or punishment leading to poor concepts of eating. 1. Increased occurrences of food or environmental allergies. 2. Poor dental hygiene can affect appetite and lead to difficulty chewing. 3. Poor nutritional choices of foods offered to children. 1. Dietary guild lines. 2. Weight gain and obesity leading to hypertension and risk for type two diabetes. Pattern of Elimination: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. 1. Toilet training usually begins at 18 months. 2. Regular schedule for BM develops. 3. Realization of not liking the sensation of being wet or dirty and wanting to be changed. 1. Forgetting to wash hands after using the bathroom. 2. Forgetting to flush the toilet. 3. May still have occasional accidents. 1. Urinating 6-8 times per day. 2. BM 1-2 times per day. 3. Full bladder control at the age of 5. 1. Potential for delays with toilet training. 2. Potential for regression. 3. Potential for using toilet training as a means for control. 1. Positive reinforcement and encouragement aids in the success of mastering independent elimination. 2. Avoid teasing, punishing or making an issue of â€Å"accidents† with elimination. 1. Nocturnal enuresis or bed wetting. 2. Diurnal enuresis or involuntary urination during the day. Pattern of Activity and Exercise: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. 1. Always in motions a whirl of movement. 2. Parallel play. 1. Play is the primary activity. 2. Plays in a group setting. 3. Can cut and paste and hold a pencil with control. 1. Peer play. 2. Organized team sports. 3. The development of gross and fine motor skills.

nuclear bombs in vietnam essays

nuclear bombs in vietnam essays What could happen if we used nuclear bombs in Vietnam during the War Nuclear warfare is an issue that I dont fully agree with or am in favor of. I think there is no need for nuclear weapons due to there mass destruction and world threatening affects. If these weapons are incorrectly handled or fell into the wrong hands, the world as we know it could start Before I can explain to you, what could happen if we used nuclear bombs during the Vietnam War, you must know the effects of their everlasting damage. There are few people that have seen and survived a detonation of a single nuclear bomb. This goes to show that it doesnt take a large number of these bombs to cause mass destruction. When a nuclear bomb detonates there is an intense burst of light, just as fast a lightning bolt, but a thousand times brighter. That light can cause temporary or permanent blindness if you were looking that way. An enormous pulse of heat radiation follows, causing combustible material to burst at a distance of 14 km. Paint and wood would go up in flames if they were as far away as 7 km. There is also an powerful pulse of deadly X-Rays that travels 3 km. If you were within the 3 km from the blast the X-Rays would of been a small factor in your death, because you would of been killed by the blast itself. After the flash of bright light, a fireball arises from point of impact, and rises for a couple of seconds. On a clear day, or night, people up to 80 km away, facing towards the bomb, could also be temporarily or permanently blinded. The last thing you should know about the detonation is the extremely powerful shockwave that follows. The shockwave is so brutal it can destroy reinforced concrete buildings up to 2 km away. While most houses made of wood and brick would be demolished if they were within 8 km. There would be major damage to houses within 14 km, and a lot ...

Maryland Vital Records - Births, Deaths and Marriages

Maryland Vital Records - Births, Deaths and Marriages Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records in Maryland, including the dates for which Maryland vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online Maryland vital records databases. Maryland Vital Records:Division of Vital RecordsDepartment of Health and Mental Hygiene6550 Reisterstown RoadBaltimore, MD 21215-0020Phone: (410) 764-3038 or (800) 832–3277 What You Need to Know:Personal check or money order should be made payable to Division of Vital Records. Call or visit the Web site to verify current fees. All requests MUST include the signature and a photocopy of a valid photo ID of the individual requesting the record. The state of Maryland does not accept payments for vital records certificates by credit card, but you can process requests with a credit card through VitalCheck. Web site: Maryland Vital Statistics Administration Maryland Birth Records: Dates: From 1898 (from 1875 in Baltimore City) Cost of copy: $24.00 Comments: Access to birth records in Maryland is restricted to the individual named on the certificate, the parent or guardian of that individual, the surviving spouse, a court-appointed guardian, or an authorized representative of the individual or a parent listed on the certificate.. With your request for a Maryland birth certificate, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the birth record being requested, date of birth, place of birth (city or county), fathers full name, mothers full name (including her maiden name), your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address.Application for Maryland Birth Certificate * Maryland birth records more than 100 years old (from 1878 in Baltimore City and 1898 for the rest of the state) are available from the Maryland State Archives with no access restrictions. Earlier birth records (from 1865) may be available for certain counties. The fee is $12.00 for a plain copy and $25 per certified copy. Request must include the full name, approximate date of birth and county. Maryland State Archives350 Rowe Blvd.Annapolis, MD 21401Phone: (410) 260-6400Web site: Maryland State Archives Online:  Maryland Births and Christenings, 1650–1995 (free, index only) Maryland Death Records: Dates: From 1898 (from 1875 in Baltimore City) Cost of copy: $24.00 Comments: Access to death records in Maryland is restricted to surviving relatives of the deceased or their authorized representatives, and individuals who have a proven legal need. The State Vital Records Division only issues certified copies of death certificates for individuals who died from 1969 to the present. Earlier death records are available from the Maryland State Archives. With your request for a Maryland death certificate, include as much as you can of the following: the name of the deceased, date of death, place of death (city or county), your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your purpose for needing the copy, your full name, current address, daytime telephone number with area code and handwritten signature.Application for Maryland Death Certificate * Maryland death records prior to 1969 (from 1878 in Baltimore City and 1898 for the rest of the state) are available from the Maryland State Archives with no access restrictions. Earlier death records (from 1865) may be available for certain counties. The fee is $12.00 for a plain copy and $25 per certified copy. Request must include the full name, approximate date of death and county. Online: Maryland Death Index, 1898-1944 (free) *Includes Baltimore City deaths back to 1875Maryland Church, Death Burial Index, 1686–1958 (free)Maryland Deaths and Burials, 1877–1992 (free, index only) Maryland Marriage Records: Dates: Varies by county Cost of Copy: Varies Comments: The state vital statistics division only issues certified copies of marriage certificates from 1990. For marriage records prior to 1990, send your request to the Clerk of Circuit Court in the county where the marriage license was issued or the Clerk of Common Pleas of Baltimore City for marriage licenses issued in the city of Baltimore. Copies of marriage records from 1777 through 1950 can also be obtained through the Maryland State Archives. Online: Maryland Marriage Records Index 1655-1850 (subscription only)Maryland Marriages, 1666–1970 (free, index only) Maryland Divorce Records: Dates: Varies by county Cost of copy: Varies Comments: Send your request to the Clerk of Circuit Court for the county where the divorce decree was granted. The Maryland State Archives also has divorce records  for Baltimore City and several counties into the 1980s for some jurisdiction. More US Vital Records - Choose a State

Foreclosure Crises and the Effect on Affordable Housing Research Paper

Foreclosure Crises and the Effect on Affordable Housing - Research Paper Example The affordable housing crisis is due to gap between housing costs at one hand and household income at the other. Minimum wage does not provide enough income to a household so as to rent a two-bedroom home at the fair market rate. The gap is widening even more today. The paper explores the impact of mortgage crisis and subsequent foreclosures on the availability of affordable housing. Housing Affordability is a National Issue Bravve et al. (2012) argue that almost all states in US are facing affordable housing crisis. In 2012, the average extremely low-income (ELI) household cannot afford to spend more than $505 on rent, as on average they will earn nearly $20,210. They further argue that nationally one-bedroom fair market rent (FMR) is $797 going up at $949 for two-bedroom dwelling – much beyond the capacity of ELI households to pay. The gap has grown in the wake of the worst recession that US is facing currently. The crisis has caused most profound impact in certain areas whe re unemployment rate is high. In the aftermath of subprime crisis, ELI renter faces tough time for an affordable housing in a rental market. The supply of low-cost rental units is fast shrinking as more housing units are converted to serve higher income households. ... About 8 million individuals fall in this category that cannot afford to pay rent above $209 because they receive monthly federal monthly payment of $698 in the current year. Ironically, 57% of all recipients have only a single source of income. Based on this criterion, not a single county in the US can supply affordable housing. Moreover, the number of Americans subsisting on low-income are on the rise and the need for affordable housing will continue to grow. Housing Policy and its Effect on Affordable Housing Wallison (2010) puts blame squarely on the government housing policy that led to the financial crisis and subsequent collapse of the housing market that finally resulted into the depleted supply of affordable housing throughout the US. The housing policies created subprime mortgages and finally when the market started collapsing in 2007, the defaults on loans started taking place in masses resulting into thousands of foreclosures within a short period of time. A subprime loan is defined as a credit to those who have less than 660 FICO credit score. Even Alt-A loan is not considered prime loan due to some deficiency associated with it. Usually, Alt-A loans have low down payments, or insufficient documentation with regard to income and employment details. In the current situation even Alt-A loans have the same default percentages as subprime loans. In the early 1990s, the government pressed the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to lower the mortgage requirements so that more individuals could purchase homes. Under an affordable housing â€Å"mission† drive, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae started purchasing loans from the original lenders

Ethical descion making-Healthcare ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical descion making-Healthcare ethics - Essay Example This paper aims to show two ethical issues/dilemmas in the health care area discussing and identifying the conflicting interests and the applicable ethical theories and principles. The Ascension Health organization website will be used to gather information and ideas for this paper. Ascension Health is the nation's largest Catholic and largest nonprofit health system, serving patients through a network of hospitals and related health facilities providing acute care services, long-term care, community health services, psychiatric, rehabilitation and residential care. The first case presented in this paper is about a rape victim who was brought to Freeman Hospital's emergency room. The hospital authorities refused to disclose facts about the morning-after pill which the rape victim requested for information. The hospital authorities' reason is that they are a Catholic Hospital and they are against abortion. The competing interest now is that the victim/patient has the right to make her own decisions regarding the treatment, and therefore, adequate disclosure of information must be provided so the patient can make an informed decision. However, the Freeman Hospital being a catholic institution refused to disclose information to the patient regarding the pill, claiming that they are against abortion or prevention and termination of pregnancy. The ethical principles and concepts involved in this issue a